Tips to Make Your Children Like Physics

By Lucien H Lester 

Physics seems to be such a difficult subject that many students avoid. The only way to master this subject is to be accustomed to it. As parents, you can introduce Physics to your children as early as possible. Here we have some tips to make your kids love Physics.

Remember that physics needs experiments for better understanding. Therefore, the first thing you have to do is to make your children accustomed to such experiments. Make them intrigued to ask how something can happen. Just find simple experiments, but attractive.

There are typical children who are so reluctant to study, even to hear any words dealing with studying. Hence, when you ask your children to get involved in those experiments, avoid the terms of studying. Create the atmosphere as if you were playing with them. They will be more relaxed that they don't realize that they are actually studying Physics.

Speaking on simple experiments, you can practice to make a volcano with your children. You only need to prepare sand, a used bottle of mineral water, vinegar, two-spoon baking soda, food coloring (choose red one to give a sense of lava), and a tray.

Firstly, put the baking soda and food coloring into the bottle. Then place the bottle on the tray with freestanding position. Cover the body of the bottle with the sand until it looks like a volcano. Remember not to cover the mouth of the bottle with the stand. Pour the vinegar into the bottle and you will see an explosion of a volcano with the red lava. You can search another simple experiment in the internet. After the experiments, try to explain how it can happen.

Then it is important to give your children a chance to practice another Physics concept they might find. Help them with when they have difficulties. Also, you have to pay attention to their mood. If you see that they seemingly get bored, you can play a game with them. Or, you might make a quiz. To motivate them to answer your questions, prepare some rewards, like chocolate or candies, or anything they like. Give them those rewards when they have the correct answer.

These activities demand parents to be more active. Nevertheless, while you are teaching your children, you get the benefits. You are actually studying that you can improve your knowledge.

Talking about Physics, you are probably interested in any discussions on ray spectrum and any devices dealing with this subject. Thus you can read other articles of Lucien Lester on vibrational spectroscopy [http://ramanspectrometer.org/vibrational-spectroscopy/] and raman spectrometer [http://ramanspectrometer.org/]. Within those articles you can also find reviews on such spectrometers which you can take into consideration before you purchase one.

Article Source: https://EzineArticles.com/expert/Lucien_H_Lester/450596

Sourcing High Tech Instruments for Nanotechnology Industries

By Vishal Khosla  

Nanotechnology industries require high tech instruments that can produce precise results. A company with the required technical resources can come up with the equipment that combines flexibility, precision and ease-of-operation. They keep pace with the rising standards of nanotechnology instruments.

Nanotechnology has opened up possibilities that were not even thought of once. It can be used for bringing solar energy to billions people; produce cheap, clean energy from water; medical applications; cryonics; preserving environment; better communication; faster and safer construction; and varied other uses.

Nanotechnology industries cannot deploy regular equipment. For instance, crushing machines regularly used by industries to produce powder from plants, herbs and fibers cannot be used in nanotechnology. The machine will fail to produce the desired results. The industry requires nano-equipment specifically made for the purpose.

There are companies that specialize in producing equipment for nanotechnology industry. They will offer equipment which can be used by the industries for diverse purposes. These companies will be engaged actively in Research and Development (R&D) and come up with the equipment tailored for use by their clients. More often, their R&D staff will work in close collaboration with the clients for developing the instruments.

Take indentation and scratch tester that is used by nanotechnology industry. A competent company can come up with a versatile tester which can do scratch and indentation on same tester. Such a tester will produce results like

* zig zag, rotary, linear scratch
* anti-vibration table, acoustic enclosure
* integrated AFM, profiler, Raman etc.
* Vicker's, Berkovich, Brinell, Rockwell, etc.

Indentation instruments must be applicable in various environmental chambers including liquid, dry, humidity, inert gas, etc. These are used to calculate indentation, hardness, depth of coatings, modulus, etc.

Design philosophy behind the instrumentation is simple - to produce an instrument that amalgamates flexibility, precision and ease-of-operation, and, at the same time, is cost-efficient as well in terms of capital and ongoing costs. Scientists having research experience in many fields of analysis are involved in development of the instruments.

Units they produce incorporate cutting edge design and technical solutions enabling superior performance. Any new technical challenge is approached with an open mind and innovative spirit. They come up with versatile instruments that can be used in diverse applications. Standards of nanotechnology instruments are consistently going up and the manufacturers have to keep pace with these.

Such companies won't just supply the instruments but also offer consultation in various areas. Their team of experienced scientists can provide expert test and witness services for legal protection to clients. They may also offer contract testing services, thriving to give quality results to meet your requirements.

Companies dealing in nanoindentation equipment may also supply instruments like Multi- Functional Tribometer, Atomic Force Microscope, High Temperature Indentation, Raman Spectrometer, 3D Profilometer, Stress Tester and Polishers.

You need to procure the instruments from a manufacturer that has the technical resources to develop high-tech instruments for precise applications. The instruments will be comprised of proprietary combination of engineered components and technology that allow operation. Given the high end use of instruments, these are manufactured with the objective of meeting the most demanding requirements. Often they are designed to perform accurately regardless of duration and storage environment.

It is advisable to collaborate with the companies that have a reputation of manufacturing equipment. When procuring high-tech instruments, it is always better to follow calculated approach.

Author of this article is associated with Rtec Instruments that deals in advanced test instruments like profilometer, scratch tester, high temperature tribometer, high temperature indentation and CMP polisher.

Article Source: https://EzineArticles.com/expert/Vishal_Khosla/1433018

NIR Spectrometer

By Alston Kook

NIR spectrometers are the new generation of Fourier Transform near Infrared (FT-NIR) spectrometer. These are the first industry hardened FT-NIR systems that are strong enough to withstand the harsh conditions.

NIR spectrometer uses the state-of-the-art optics for exceptional sensitivity and stability. There is continuous improvement in the designs and this provides consistent high quality results with less downtime, direct methods transfer and probable new applications. These NIR instruments can be used both in the lab and the factory; thus eliminating the need for new instrument during integration with the process control system.

In addition, the same NIR instrument can go directly from the lab to the factory, and this removes the need for a new instrument when your method is ready for integration into your process control system. These can further be integrated easily because of the Full support of industry standard communication protocols available.
The most successful NIR instrument is the Raman spectrometer which was developed for process control and automated lab applications. The system emphasize an On-Axis spectrograph, optimized for Raman spectroscopy and one standard grating covering the most widely used Raman signature range. The patent pending curve slit correction for aberration free imaging, low noise CCD and innovative technology in signal processing result in excellent signal to noise ratio and high performance.
Many NIR instrument come with no moving parts, being free from mechanical wear it requires low maintenance. The integrated diode laser provides 532 nm or 785 nm with different power levels available.

The system comes equipped with a Class 3 light-tight safety enclosed with interlocks in 19" rack
configuration.

The NIR spectrometer has taken NIR spectroscopy to new heights and is compatible for a choice of laboratory, site glass and process immersion probes, allowing real time process monitoring from a remote location. The Raman UniLab Research is a high sensitivity device designed to utilize both large illumination and collection areas. The large illumination design reduces the susceptibility of sample misalignment as well as decreases the effects of heterogeneity issues of the sample, resulting in superior averaging capability.

NIR spectroscopy utilizes Sure_Cal calibration technology, a method for achieving a standard Raman spectrum that has both short and long term precision and accuracy. The Sure_Cal technology allows for the collection of the standard spectrum independent of any instrument instabilities. The Raman spectrum from the sample, the laser/neon spectrum and the neon spectrum are collected simultaneously.
The NIR instruments are also much easier to implement, operate, and maintain. The NIR spectrometer is a compact fibered spectrometer able to measure from 900nm to 2600nm or from 2000nm to 4500nm with a resolution of 8cm-1 (or about 1-5 nm). This world known unique scanning Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) uses an exclusive actuator fabricated thanks to modern micro machining technology. The spectrometer needs only a single detector that assures highest dynamic range and allows attractive pricing.

Alston is an eminent analyst and writer which are writing about NIR analyzer. For more info visit at http://www.foss-nirsystems.com
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Alston_Kook

Raman Spectrometer

Raman Spectrometer

By Hamilton Sunstrand

Raman spectrometer is a monochromatic visible laser. The scattered radiation can be analyzed by using scanning optical monochromator with a phototube as a detector. A laser beam is used to irradiate a spot on the sample under investigation. The scattered radiation produced by the Raman Effect contains information about the energies of molecular vibrations and rotations and these depend on the particular atoms or ions that comprise the molecule, the chemical bonds connect them, the symmetry of their molecule structure and the physio-chemical environment where they reside.

Raman spectrometer measures the wavelength and intensity of inelastically scattered light from molecules. It is used to determine the chemical composition of a sample based on the wavelength and intensity of the light passing through the sample. Raman spectroscopy is based on the theory of Raman scattering, which states that light is scattered due to the vibrations of the molecules in the substance and changes its energy from that of the incident light. In this way, Raman spectrometers use the Raman Effects by comparing the different energies of the incident light and the scattered photons.

The observation of the vibrational Raman spectrum of a molecule depends on a change in the molecules polarizability rather than its dipole moment during the vibration of the atoms. Raman spectrometers are similar to Infrared Spectrometers (IR) in a way that both measure the vibrational energies of the molecules in a sample. As a result, Infrared and Raman spectra provide complementary information and between the two techniques, all vibrational transitions can be observed. This combination of techniques is essential for the measurement of all the vibrational frequencies of the molecules of high symmetry that do not have permanent dipole moments. Since Raman scattering is different from infrared absorption, the two methods of spectroscopy are often used to provide complementary data.

Most incident photons are scattered by the sample with no change in frequency. To enhance the observation of the radiation, the scattered radiation is observed perpendicular to the incident beam. To provide high intensity incident radiation and to enable the observation of lines, Raman spectrometers are used as a source.

Raman spectrometers often use lasers, the most typical being an argon ion laser. A laser spectrometer offers many benefits including focused, high power excitation of the tested substance, which results in a high incidence of light scattering. Because the Raman Effect measures the difference between scattered and incident light, Raman spectrometers are particularly useful in gathering data from a small section of a sample. Consequently, Raman spectrometers are being used to develop confocal microscopy techniques. The incident laser radiation of the Raman spectrometer is focused with a microscopic objective on a point in the sample. The resulting Raman spectrum contains data almost exclusively from a point within the sample.

This article is issue in public interest by Applied Instrument Technologies (AIT) is the process analytical technology business within Hamilton Sundstrand, a United Technologies company. AIT delivers process analytical technology solutions to the leading companies of the world. We design and manufacture robust process development and on-line analyzers for quantitative and qualitative analysis.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Hamilton_Sunstrand